Secrets Of The Pharaohs In Luxor, Egypt

Discover the historical facts of the stages of mummification of the Pharaonic mummy, how it is buried in the tombs of the Valley of the Kings in Luxor, what are the secrets of the Pharaohs throughout history, and how the civilization of ancient Egypt was established, and all of that you can discover and visit, including archaeological temples and historical tombs.

The process of mummification of kings and pharaohs is one of the evidences of the ancient Egyptians’ belief in resurrection and immortality. Rather, they thought that death was only a gateway to the immortal world and the goal, so they called it eternal life. Learn information about mummification and reveal its secrets below.

The process of mummification of the king and the pharaohs

• The process of mummifying the king and the pharaohs is a mysterious process, and scientists have not been able to fully reveal its secrets to this day.
• But some people were able to reveal a number of secrets about mummification processes.
• The information that was discovered about that process was using corpses and autopsies to find out what materials were used in that process.
• There are degrees of mummification, and it is worth noting that the first and second degrees are the best for kings and the rich only.
• But middle-class and poor Egyptians were unable to fully use mummification due to the high costs of the process.
• To solve this problem, the ancient Egyptians used other alternatives to the components of the first and second degree mummification process, but at lower prices.

The development of the mummification process

• The process of mummifying the king and the pharaohs went through a series of stages that led to its further development from one era to another.
• In the past, the mummification process was done by emptying the contents of the stomach, adding a set of spices, and wrapping the body in linen. This method was used in the Old Kingdom.
• While in the Middle Kingdom, other methods were used, which were more expensive, and relied on gum, resin, and also spices.
• In the modern mummification process, the brain and internal organs are removed and placed in natron for a period of no less than seventy days.
• The ancient Egyptians tried to preserve the body without opening it by injecting the body with cedarwood oil and turpentine.

Taxidermy accessories

• During the mummification process of the king and pharaohs, there are a group of accessories, including coffins and caskets.
• Coffins or caskets are used to preserve the body, and the shape of the coffins in the Third Dynasty took the form of a rectangular box made of white limestone.
• In the Old Kingdom, only the name and surname of the deceased were placed on the coffin.
• One of the steps followed in the mummification process is first washing, in which the deceased is washed of any dirt and water is used with natron salt.
• After that comes the next step, which is removing the internal entrails of the body as well as the brain. The entrails and brain are dried after they are removed, and then the process of emptying the abdomen and chest begins.
• The brain is removed by making an incision located at the bottom of the neck, and a liquid from pine trees is placed through the nose.
• The embalmer also takes out the lungs, as well as the stomach, liver and kidneys, through an opening in the left abdomen.
• The internal entrails are then placed in natron salt, then smeared with cedar oil and wrapped in linen cloth.
• The embalmer then places the wrapped entrails back into the body, and two types of filling materials are used, temporary and permanent.
• Temporary fillings come in the form of natron salt and flax wraps and are intended to absorb any fluids in the body.
• While permanent fillings are made of natron salt and sawdust, in addition to spices including cinnamon, flax, onions, and gum resin.
• There is also another type of filling, which is placed under the skin and uses clay, sand, butter, soda, and other materials that preserve the body’s features.

The drying stage of mummification of the pharaohs

• Until the body is completely dried, the embalmer uses plenty of natron salt, places it on the body and leaves it for approximately 40 days.
• Salt helps the body get rid of water and food from the stomach.
• Natron salt consists of carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, and sodium sulfate.
• The deceased is placed on a slanted bed made of stone so that the fluids drain to the bottom of the bed, heading to a basin at the bottom.
• After that, oils and fats are applied to treat the skin from the changes that occurred as a result of the drying process.
• The skin color changes slightly and the fat shrinks during the drying process.
• After that, the embalmer places boiled resin on the body, in addition to a group of other oils, including cedar oil, a paint called Marhat paint, and beeswax.
• Another oil used in this process is turpentine, and the dead person is placed in this oil for approximately 10 days.
• After that, the body is placed in wraps of linen and clothing, and materials are applied to close the nostrils and eyes, which are resin discs.
• The openings in the body to remove the entrails are sealed using the Eye of Horus amulet so that evil spirits do not enter through those openings.
• The final stage is the shrouding stage, in which jewelry, sandals, and a talisman scroll are placed to protect the body, and the shroud is colored red.

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Pharaonic scarab | The facts about the Pharaohs’ amulet to bring luck and wealth, and the history of the ancient Egyptians’ use of the beetle and sanctifying it in their religious beliefs in the ancient Egyptian civilization, and how it was used in adornment, worship, and more. Why did the Pharaohs sanctify the scarab?

The scarab is a type of insect and is called by another name, which is the sacred scarab beetle. This type of insect was so famous in ancient Egypt that it was used to make stones and write religious texts and other things on them. Learn a set of information about the scarab below.

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Scarab

• The scarab, or Abu Al-Ja’al, was used in ancient times to make vines of ceramic and green, which were made by the ancient Egyptians.
• When writing began to appear, the Egyptians placed texts on the scarab and it was used for decoration.
• In the Valley of the Kings there is a large black beetle emerging from the sand.
• It is said that scarabs do not have females, but only males. The males place the seed in a ball-shaped seed and push it with their hind legs.
• Scarabs were used for a variety of purposes, including seals. In ancient times, seals took many animal forms.
• The scarab was also used as an amulet to protect against evil, due to their belief that the scarab renews itself and is therefore not affected by any external factors.

Uses of the scarab in ancient times

• The scarab was often written as an amulet of protection and protection from evil spirits, so the first reason for placing it in abundance in graves was to protect the dead from evil spirits.
• The shape of the scarab is made of a hard stone similar to magnesium silicate, and the length of the scarab is usually between one cm and 10 cm.
• Mostly, the scarab was engraved on the abdomen or flat side.
• Each king often had a scarab on which his title was written and used as his seal.
• A group of congratulatory phrases were engraved on the scarab, which means that it was used in ancient times as souvenirs.
• A very large group of scarabs bearing royal names was also found, such as Tuthmosis III, where a scarab was found bearing the name “Min Khabar Ra.”
• This name means “May Ra always bring life,” so that the scarab was used in ancient times to express the continuity of life.
• The ancient Egyptians used scarabs as gifts to the king, and the name of the king was engraved on them, in addition to the name of the gift recipient and his job.
• Scarabs were also used on decorations and engravings as well as talismans.
• He also placed images of gods and kings on the scarab, and sometimes landscapes and animals were engraved on the scarab.
• Recently, the scarab was one of the things that helps scholars get a glimpse of economic life in the period to which the scarab dates.
• Scarabs were often made of stone or faience, and came with falcon wings along with funerary talismans.
• Some scarabs were found on which texts from the Book of the Dead were engraved and were placed in the shroud of the deceased.
• It is also said that circumambulating the scarab five times aims to ward off a hidden evil force such as magic, but also brings good luck.
• While circumambulating the scarab three times leads to an increase in money, circumambulating seven times helps in having children, and if a girl wants to get married, she circumambulates the scarab six times.